![]() ![]() Another innovation involves embedding silver nanoparticles within the rice husk ash matrix to create a bactericidal filtration bed which has now been commercialized in India as a low-cost for-profit household water purifier. This innovation was proliferated in villages across India as a do-it-yourself rural water filter. For example, rice-husk-ash cast in a matrix of cement and pebbles can be formed into a filtration bed which can trap up to 95% of turbidity and bacteria present in water. Rice-husk-ash is used as the base material for developing novel compositions to deal with the challenge of purifying drinking water in low-income households in India. Malhotra, Chetan Patil, Rajshree Kausley, Shankar Ahmad, Dilshad Novel uses of rice-husk-ash (a natural silica-carbon matrix) in low-cost water purification applications The morphology test using CCD Microscope MS-804 results in the very tight chitosan membranes without the silica surface, it has no pores, smooth and homogeneous, while the chitosan-silica composite membrane of rice husk ash obviously has cracks and small cavities that seemed to spread out. The results of the analysis, FTIR spectra, obtained a new functional group after the addition of silica, they are Si-OH, Si-O-Si, and CO- NH2. The results showed that the addition of silica increases the swelling index and the membrane permeability. Membrane synthesis was performed using the phase inversion method with chitosan-silica mass ratios of rice husk ash, which were 1:0.0 1:0.5 1:1.0 1:1.5 and 1:2.0. The chitosan used is derived from the chitin of Vannamei shrimps’ shell with 82% degree of de-acetylation, while the silica was synthesized from rice husk ash with rendering of silica (SiO2) by 5% and the results of XRD analysis showed an amorphous phase. This study aims to investigate the effect of variations in the silica composition to the physical characteristics of the chitosan-silica membranes of rice husk ash that were synthesized. Adding the silica into the chitosan membranes is one of the offered solutions to overcome the problems of physical and mechanical properties of chitosan. Hence, it needs modification to improve the quality of the chitosan membranes. Some previous studies showed that the characteristics of chitosan membranes have a very rigid and non-porous structure so that its utilization is not maximized, particularly in the filtration process. ![]() Sumarni, Woro Sri Iswari, Retno Marwoto, Putut Rahayu, Endah F. Physical characteristics of chitosan-silica composite of rice husk ash ![]()
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